Hernia ( Disc Herniation ) What Is It ?

The human spine consists of bones called vertebrae. The base of the spine and the spinal cord passes through the channel in a respective side of the body on many levels, it gives branches to the border regions. The structure that connects the vertebrae and are located between each vertebra is called a disk.The task of the disc to absorb the burden on the spine and provide the range of motion of falling ( shock-absorbing ) is. These discs for various reasons, with the injury on the disk overflow occurs.Given the level of the spinal cord at the collar itself, or the disease manifests itself in the branches of the nerve head. The head loss of power in the field to stimulate the nerve , numbness , tingling and pain will experience symptoms such as. Usually load-bearing and mobility in the formation of a hernia is more common more neck and waist area.

What Causes A Herniated Disc ?

Two of the discs between vertebrae consists of 2 parts. The nucleus pulposus and out in the middle softer and more fluid surrounding annulus fibrosus more robust and is close to center.Any strain on the inserted disk degeneration and tear can occur. This causes herniation of the center section out. The waist area is very lively and a load-bearing region is open to injury.Weaknesses in the surrounding muscles, postural disorders, sudden movements and heavy lifting in such cases, a hernia may occur suddenly or over time.

Risk Factors For Hernia

• Obesity : The increase in body weight increases the burden on the spine and disks. Normal body weight according to one of disc degeneration becomes more.
• Age : As the age progresses, degeneration of the disks increases. Tissue healing and regeneration capacity is reduced. Most commonly December 35 – 50 years old.
• Gender : 2 times more in men than in women are seen.
• Genetics : Herniated disc Research family history than the prevalence in persons without a family history of people with a herniated disk  much more.
• Lack Of Physical Activity : It is surrounded with many muscles around the spine. Riding the spine will support the load. These muscles are shortened and weakened with a sedentary lifestyle. Joint mobility is reduced. The position of the spine deteriorates. People who exercise regularly are at greater risk of having a herniated disk sedentary people.
• Professional Factors : Occupations that involve heavy lifting and physical activity in the lumbar spine increases the burden. If the person if you know proper lifting techniques and positions, the risk is quite rises. Also a permanent position ( such as drivers ) and the people who work in a desk job in the muscles shortened and weakened. The spine posture deteriorates. Increases the risk of hernia formation.

Stages Of A Herniated Disc

• Bulging: You pulpoz nucleus (center) of the annulus fibrozusa (environmentally correct) it is the replacement.
• Protruzyon: The correct replacement can lead you damaged annulus nucleus pulpoz in the fibers. The nucleus pulposus annulus fibrosis fibers are solid and the Outer you is still inside.
• Extrusion: You pulpoz nucleus into the spinal canal overflows. You all have been torn annulus fibrosis fibers.
• Sequestration: The disk broke and in a Free State is the presence within the spinal canal.

What Are The Symptoms Of A Herniated Disc ?

According to the segment where the hernia, the symptoms varies with sightings. Usually one-sided affection is.

• Pain: In the lumbar region, particularly the head, is seen in the areas of nerve stimulation. Especially the thigh to the hip and the foot can spread to. Carrying the burden of pain, forward bending , standing, or sitting for a long time, stay coughing , sneezing may also show an increase in such cases.
• Power Loss: Loss of strength in time to head to the border of the hernia can be seen. Is seen in the muscles that control the border. Usually the hips , legs and feet can be seen. The degree of force loss at the same time gives information about the progress of the disease.
• Numbness and tingling: Sensory numbness and tingling in the field under the head can be seen.
• Loss Of Function: The patient can be difficult to do certain movements and sensory motor that is affected. Difficulty in walking, walking, skating disorder ( such as walking, dragging feet ) , some missing in action ( toe and heel walking, straight leg raises, leg and toes can be seen as you pull it towards you. In some cases, sexual dysfunction, urinary incontinence can occur in situations such as.

Herniated Disc According To The Segment Affected Areas

L3 / L4 Segment : On the inside of the front of the thigh and leg pain, sensory loss, weakness is felt.

L4 / L5 Segment : The back side of the hip and leg, and the fingers in the upper surface of the foot pain, loss of sensation, loss of power is felt. Foot table may be low.

L5 / S1 Segment : Hip, thigh and leg in the back of the heel and on the outer side of the foot pain, numbness, and a loss of power is felt. The tip of the finger may be affected by the upward movement.

Herniated disc diagnosis and assessment

Hernia in the lumbar region may show other problems with similar traits. Most back pain is caused by other reasons. For this reason, the patient should be eliminated similar diseases to diagnose a herniated disk. Patient can be diagnosed with history and physical examination. Special tests to find out the degree of the hernia and the segment. For detailed evaluation, MRI , X-ray , CT imaging techniques are used.

What Are The Methods Of Treatment Herniated Disc ?

The patient is evaluated in detail after it is determined whether to have the surgery needs. The current approach in surgery as the last option is preferred. Legs completely power loss , low foot , loss of bladder control in most patients, except for cases such as advanced physical therapy is preferred. A hernia that occurs in the body already healing tendency. Applied correctly with physical therapy accelerates healing. Rise to the incorrect and correct positions of the patient and also the worsening of the situation prevents hernia.

Herniated Disc Physical Therapy Practices That Are Used In

• Manual Therapy: Special maneuvers to the lumbar region , massage , mobilization and manipulation techniques. The hernia is reduced and the pressure on the nerve herniation through manual therapy accelerates healing.
• Exercise: And the direction of the hernia according to the level of exercise is applied. Enhancing the healing of the nerve neural mobilization exercises may be preferred. Apply the exercises to improve flexibility and range of motion of the lumbar region.Weakness of the muscles surrounding the lumbar spine and the waist area because it would increase the burden of this area must be strong. Also in areas affected by hernia of strength and flexibility exercises you are given because it would be a waste for these areas.
• Electro Physical Agents:  Physical therapy practices  your support and electro-physical agents used in order to reduce symptoms.
• Kinezyolojik Banding: A spasm in the muscles of the lumbar region herniation occurs. For the purpose of reducing spasm and kinezyolojik and support the banding technique is applied.
• The regulation of activity and on the use of the right waist training: Hernia in the lumbar region will push and movements that will increase the information provided. A person's given training about how to do the activities that are used in daily life. For example, The Shape of staying in bed , when buying something from the ground or a pair of shoes when connecting to the patient should pay attention to issues such as who are informed.
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Herniated Disc Physical Therapy After Surgery

Herniated disc research soon after surgery, the patient has shown that physical therapy should start and be mobile. After surgery, the longer you wait the duration of the patient's rest, the speed of recovery is so low. Following surgery, physical therapy, and exercise, the risk of a recurrence of the hernia is very high in individuals who do not.

While putting the patient immediately after surgery, stress graded in accordance to the protocol as is provided for you to stand up and walk. The strength and flexibility of the patient is increased with exercise. Do's and don'ts are given training on the patient. In this way, the healing takes place quickly, and the patient returns to normal soon.